![]() ![]() Though Debs’ sentence was commuted in 1921 when the Sedition Act was repealed by Congress, major portions of the Espionage Act remain part of United States law to the present day. Supreme Court, where the court upheld his conviction. Abrams is best known for its famous dissent, written by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, who had established the clear and present danger test just eight months prior. ![]() Debs appealed the decision, and the case eventually reached the U.S. United States, and upheld several convictions under the Sedition Act of 1918 (an amendment to the Espionage Act of 1917 ). Debs, was sentenced to 10 years in prison for a speech he made in 1918 in Canton, Ohio, criticizing the Espionage Act. One of the most famous activists arrested during this period, labor leader Eugene V. Edgar Hoover, liberally employed the Espionage and Sedition Acts to persecute left-wing political figures. ![]() Palmer-a former pacifist whose views on civil rights radically changed once he assumed the attorney general’s office during the Red Scare-and his right-hand man, J. government, the flag, the Constitution or the military agitating against the production of necessary war materials or advocating, teaching or defending any of these acts.īoth pieces of legislation were aimed at socialists, pacifists and other anti-war activists during World War I and were used to punishing effect in the years immediately following the war, during a period characterized by the fear of communist influence and communist infiltration into American society that became known as the first Red Scare (a second would occur later, during the 1940s and 1950s, associated largely with Senator Joseph McCarthy). The Espionage Act was reinforced by the Sedition Act of the following year, which imposed similarly harsh penalties on anyone found guilty of making false statements that interfered with the prosecution of the war insulting or abusing the U.S. ![]()
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